Understanding Perthes Disease: A Comprehensive Guide for Parents
- Luke Newland
- Jul 25
- 4 min read
Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, affects the hip joint in children and can have a serious impact on their mobility and overall quality of life. For many parents, navigating the recovery journey can be daunting, particularly when it comes to understanding therapy options. This guide aims to provide essential information about Perthes disease and offers insights into children's physiotherapy options that can significantly assist in recovery.
What is Perthes' Disease?
Perthes disease happens when the blood supply to the femoral head—the ball part of the hip joint—is temporarily interrupted. When this occurs, the bone may begin to deteriorate, leading to potential deformities and mobility issues. Although experts still do not know the exact cause, this condition most often affects children ages four to eight, with boys diagnosed more frequently than girls. Studies indicate that 1 in 1,200 children may develop this condition, emphasising the importance of awareness and early detection.
Common symptoms include:
Hip pain: Pain is often the most obvious sign, occurring during activity or, surprisingly, even at rest.
Limited range of motion: Children may struggle with activities that involve moving the hip, such as running or climbing stairs.
Knee or thigh pain: Sometimes, discomfort in the knee or thigh can signal hip issues, making it harder to pinpoint the problem.
When parents observe these symptoms, seeking medical advice is critical for early diagnosis through imaging techniques, such as X-rays or MRIs.
Signs and Symptoms to Look For
Early recognition of Perthes disease symptoms is vital for effective management. Parents should look for the following:
Hip Pain: This typically manifests as a dull, aching sensation in the hip or thigh. The pain can worsen with activity.
Limited Mobility: Kids may show hesitance in participating in physical activities they once enjoyed.
Limping or Gait Alterations: A noticeable limp may develop as children adjust their movement to avoid pain.
If your child exhibits these signs, a prompt consultation with a medical professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis, Stages and Treatment Options
Once doctors suspect Perthes disease, they will perform imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis.
3 Stages of Perthes:
Initial Stage: This stage typically lasts 6-18 months and is characterised by mild to moderate pain, limited hip mobility, and a possible limp.
Fragmentation Stage: In this stage, which can last from 1 to 3 years, the femoral head begins to break down or fragment due to limited blood flow.
Regeneration Stage: The final stage typically lasts from 2- 4 years and involves the rebuilding of new bone tissue in the femur
Treatment generally depends on the child's age and the severity of the disease. Options can be categorised as follows:
Non-surgical Treatments
For many children, non-surgical treatments may suffice:
Children's Physiotherapy: A tailored physiotherapy program is crucial. A paediatric physiotherapist can create individualised plans aimed at maintaining hip mobility and strengthening surrounding muscles.
Activity Modification: Limiting high-impact activities while encouraging low-impact exercises, such as swimming, can minimise stress on the hip joint.
Assistive Devices: Using crutches or a wheelchair can help decrease pressure on the affected leg, allowing it to heal correctly.
Surgical Treatments
For some severe cases, surgical intervention may be required.
A comprehensive treatment plan will be developed in collaboration with your child’s orthopaedic specialist, taking into account their age, severity, and overall health.
The Role of Physiotherapy in Recovery
Children's physiotherapy is crucial for managing Perthes disease. When selecting a physiotherapy service, consider:
Experience: Ensure the physiotherapist has expertise in treating children with Perthes disease or similar conditions.
Personalised Treatment Plans: Look for providers that offer treatment tailored to your child’s unique needs, considering their activity levels and interests.
Comforting Environment: A welcoming, kid-friendly atmosphere can significantly enhance your child’s engagement and comfort during sessions.
Ongoing communication between parents, specialists and physiotherapists helps ensure consistent strategies are implemented throughout the recovery journey.
Finding the Right Physiotherapy Option
When exploring physiotherapy for a child with Perthes disease, keep these factors in mind:
Qualifications and Experience: Ask about the physiotherapist’s background in pediatric physiotherapy and specific experience with hip disorders.
Facility Resources: Some clinics are better equipped with specific tools and tailored programs that effectively address children's concerns.
Aquatic Physiotherapy: Children with Perthes disease may benefit from Aquatic Physiotherapy as it is gentle on the joints and can promote muscle strength and mobility.
Customised Treatment Approaches
Every child is different, and their treatment should reflect that individuality. Maintain open communication with healthcare professionals about your child’s preferences, fears, and concerns. Tailoring the approach to fit your child can facilitate a smoother journey back to their favourite activities.
The Path Forward
Perthes disease can create challenges for children and their families. Understanding the condition, recognising symptoms, and exploring treatment options can pave the way for effective recovery. With the right Orthopaedic Specialist management and physiotherapy, children can look forward to returning to their favourite activities.
Parents are encouraged to be proactive in seeking Medical help, staying engaged with healthcare providers, and exploring the best physiotherapy options. Empowering each child with appropriate treatment is vital for fostering resilience during this time.